设计模式之Builder模式

参与者

Builder
为创建一个Product对象的各个部件指定抽象接口。
ConcreteBuilder
实现Builder的接口以构造和装配该产品的各个部件。
定义并明确它所创建的表示。
提供一个检索产品的接口
Director
构造一个使用Builder接口的对象。
Product
表示被构造的复杂对象。ConcreateBuilder创建该产品的内部表示并定义它的装配过程。
包含定义组成部件的类，包括将这些部件装配成最终产品的接口。

使用场景

产品复杂，且它允许使用者不必知道内部构建细节的情况下使用。
注意：现实开发过程中，Director角色经常会被省略。直接使用Builder来进对象的组装，这个Builder通常为链式调用，它的关键点是每个方法都返回自身 - return this，这使得set方法可以链式调用，代码如下：
Test test = new Test.Builder().setA("A").setB("B").create();

Code

/** "Product" */
class Pizza {
    private String dough = "";
    private String sauce = "";
    private String topping = "";

    public void setDough (String dough)     { this.dough = dough; }
    public void setSauce (String sauce)     { this.sauce = sauce; }
    public void setTopping (String topping) { this.topping = topping; }
}


''/** "Abstract Builder" */''
abstract class PizzaBuilder {
    protected Pizza pizza;

    public Pizza getPizza() { return pizza; }
    public void createNewPizzaProduct() { pizza = new Pizza(); }

    public abstract void buildDough();
    public abstract void buildSauce();
    public abstract void buildTopping();
}

/** "ConcreteBuilder" */
class HawaiianPizzaBuilder extends PizzaBuilder {
    public void buildDough()   { pizza.setDough("cross"); }
    public void buildSauce()   { pizza.setSauce("mild"); }
    public void buildTopping() { pizza.setTopping("ham+pineapple"); }
}

/** "ConcreteBuilder" */
class SpicyPizzaBuilder extends PizzaBuilder {
    public void buildDough()   { pizza.setDough("pan baked"); }
    public void buildSauce()   { pizza.setSauce("hot"); }
    public void buildTopping() { pizza.setTopping("pepperoni+salami"); }
}


''/** "Director" */''
class Waiter {
    private PizzaBuilder pizzaBuilder;

    public void setPizzaBuilder (PizzaBuilder pb) { pizzaBuilder = pb; }
    public Pizza getPizza() { return pizzaBuilder.getPizza(); }

    public void constructPizza() {
        pizzaBuilder.createNewPizzaProduct();
        pizzaBuilder.buildDough();
        pizzaBuilder.buildSauce();
        pizzaBuilder.buildTopping();
    }
}

调用

/** A customer ordering a pizza. */
class BuilderExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Waiter waiter = new Waiter();
        PizzaBuilder hawaiian_pizzabuilder = new HawaiianPizzaBuilder();
        PizzaBuilder spicy_pizzabuilder = new SpicyPizzaBuilder();

        waiter.setPizzaBuilder ( hawaiian_pizzabuilder );
        waiter.constructPizza();

        Pizza pizza = waiter.getPizza();
    }
}

实际场景举一例

okhttputils请求Get分析

String url = "http://www.csdn.net/";
OkHttpUtils
        .get()
        .url(url)
        .build()
        .execute(new MyStringCallback());

首先看到这里有个build()，估计就是建造模式了，摸进去一看，没有错。

.get()进去一看，果然不假

public static GetBuilder get()
{
    return new GetBuilder();
}

public class GetBuilder extends OkHttpRequestBuilder
{
    @Override
    public RequestCall build()
    {
        if (params != null)
        {
            url = appendParams(url, params);
        }

        return new GetRequest(url, tag, params, headers).build();
    }
    // ...
    @Override
    public GetBuilder url(String url)
    {
        this.url = url;
        return this;
    }
    // ...
}

这里设定了url，且看到已经看到了build()方法，基本和最初的判定一致，是Builder模式，但这跟Okhttp用法还是有差距，继续跟进，发现最初.get()的GetBuilder直接将设置的数据全部扔进OkHttpRequest了 - 这、、、

public class GetRequest extends OkHttpRequest
{
    public GetRequest(String url, Object tag, Map<String, String> params, Map<String, String> headers)
    {
        super(url, tag, params, headers);
    }
    // ...
    @Override
    protected Request buildRequest(Request.Builder builder, RequestBody requestBody)
    {
        return builder.get().build();
    }

尼玛，坑啊，build()没有？继续

public abstract class OkHttpRequest
{
    protected String url;
    protected Object tag;
    protected Map<String, String> params;
    protected Map<String, String> headers;
    protected Request.Builder builder = new Request.Builder();
    protected OkHttpRequest(String url, Object tag,
                            Map<String, String> params, Map<String, String> headers)
    {
        this.url = url;
        this.tag = tag;
        this.params = params;
        this.headers = headers;

        if (url == null)
        {
            Exceptions.illegalArgument("url can not be null.");
        }
    }
    // ...
    protected abstract Request buildRequest(Request.Builder builder, RequestBody requestBody);
    public RequestCall build()
    {
        return new RequestCall(this);
    }
    public Request generateRequest(Callback callback)
    {
        RequestBody requestBody = wrapRequestBody(buildRequestBody(), callback);
        prepareBuilder();
        return buildRequest(builder, requestBody);
    }

    private void prepareBuilder()
    {
        builder.url(url).tag(tag);
        appendHeaders();
    }
    // ...
}

终于看到我辛苦设置的参数都在这里了，返回了RequestCall，也看到眼熟的Requset.Builder，但目前还是没有看到谁调用了它，看来还得继续深入RequestCall

public class RequestCall
{
    private OkHttpRequest okHttpRequest;
    private Request request;
    private Call call;
    // ...
    private OkHttpClient clone;

    public RequestCall(OkHttpRequest request)
    {
        this.okHttpRequest = request;
    }
    // ...

    public Call generateCall(Callback callback)
    {
        request = generateRequest(callback);

        if (readTimeOut > 0 || writeTimeOut > 0 || connTimeOut > 0)
        {
            readTimeOut = readTimeOut > 0 ? readTimeOut : OkHttpUtils.DEFAULT_MILLISECONDS;
            writeTimeOut = writeTimeOut > 0 ? writeTimeOut : OkHttpUtils.DEFAULT_MILLISECONDS;
            connTimeOut = connTimeOut > 0 ? connTimeOut : OkHttpUtils.DEFAULT_MILLISECONDS;

            clone = OkHttpUtils.getInstance().getOkHttpClient().newBuilder()
                    .readTimeout(readTimeOut, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
                    .writeTimeout(writeTimeOut, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
                    .connectTimeout(connTimeOut, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
                    .build();

            call = clone.newCall(request);
        } else
        {
            call = OkHttpUtils.getInstance().getOkHttpClient().newCall(request);
        }
        return call;
    }

    private Request generateRequest(Callback callback)
    {
        return okHttpRequest.generateRequest(callback);
    }

    public void execute(Callback callback)
    {
        generateCall(callback);

        if (callback != null)
        {
            callback.onBefore(request);
        }

        OkHttpUtils.getInstance().execute(this, callback);
    }
    // ...

    public Response execute() throws IOException
    {
        generateCall(null);
        return call.execute();
    }
    // ...
}

在这里可以看到Client，request，call了，OkHttpUtils.getInstance().getOkHttpClient()、request = generateRequest(callback)、generateCall，且最后还执行了execute - call.execute()

总结一下这个开源

OkHttpUtils.get().url(url).build()得到了RequestCall，Builder模式呈现
化繁为简，网络请求不需要自己再封装就能够方便的使用
- 设置下url，就有了OkHttp的Client，request，call和一系繁锁设置，直接调用execute()
- execute(Callback callback)方法会回调到OkHttpUtils，用主线程Handler更新请求
- 将OkHttpClient放进了OkHttpUtils;将Request转变成GetRequest;将Request.Builder替换成GetBuilder;将Call替换成RequestCall